Question: What does Deuteronomy say about “Adonai” or Elohim”? Are there any differences between translations regarding this verse? What makes them true/correct any way?
There is here part of the problem as to why the ‘Orthodox’ Jews have not as yet been able to accept Jesus as their Messiah!
Depending on the use of especially “Adonai”, there is the implication of plurality, which because of the Pharisaic teachings, and changes to the “Biblical Torah” (given to Moses), which left Orthodoxy out of step with the events of the Life and Death of Jesus; especially His Resurrection!
This is the reason that the Prophecy of Isa. 6:9–10 was enacted by Paul at Acts 28:25–28; which has left the Jewish people in a state of “Lo-Ammi not My people”, for an as yet unknown period of time!
A further problem for accurate address, is what is meant by the word used for “God”. As Jesus and Paul stated in the New Testament that “Satan is the god of this world”; so the use of the word “Allah” could mean both, unless the person is aware as to whom they address!
Google: Is Adonai an Elohim?
"My Lords", (a plural noun) is the possessive form of adon ("Lord"), along with the first-person singular pronoun enclitic. As with Elohim, Adonai's grammatical form is usually explained as a plural of majesty. In the Hebrew Bible, it is nearly always used to refer to God (approximately 450 occurrences).
Wikipedia: Etymology
The etymology of the word Allāh has been discussed extensively by classical Arab philologists.[19] Grammarians of the Basra school regarded it as either formed "spontaneously" (murtajal) or as the definite form of lāh (from the verbal root lyh with the meaning of "lofty" or "hidden").[19] Others held that it was borrowed from Syriac or Hebrew.
Most considered it to be derived from a contraction of the Arabic definite article al- "the" and ilāh "deity, god" to al-lāh meaning "the deity, the God".[19] Indeed, there is "the interchangeability of al-ilāh and allāh in early Arabic poetry even when composed by the Christian ʿAdī ibn Zayd
".[20]The majority of modern scholars subscribe to the latter theory, and view the loanword hypothesis with skepticism.[21]
The use of "Allah" as the name of a deity appears as early as the first century. An inscription using the Ancient South Arabian script in Old Arabic from Qaryat al-Fāw
reads, "'to Kahl and lh and ʿAththar' (b-khl w-lh w-ʿṯr)".[22]Cognates of the name "Allāh" exist in other Semitic languages, including Hebrew and Aramaic.[23] The corresponding Aramaic form is ʼElāh (אלה), but its emphatic state is ʼElāhā (אלהא). It is written as ܐܠܗܐ (ʼĔlāhā) in Biblical Aramaic and ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ (ʼAlāhā) in Syriac
as used by the Assyrian Church, both meaning simply "God".[24] The unusual Syriac form is likely an imitation of the Arabic.[25]See: Jewish Scriptures: (study)
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